arviz.plot_hdi#

arviz.plot_hdi(x, y=None, hdi_prob=None, hdi_data=None, color='C1', circular=False, smooth=True, smooth_kwargs=None, figsize=None, fill_kwargs=None, plot_kwargs=None, hdi_kwargs=None, ax=None, backend=None, backend_kwargs=None, show=None)[source]#

Plot HDI intervals for regression data.

Parameters:
xarray_like

Values to plot.

yarray_like, optional

Values from which to compute the HDI. Assumed shape (chain, draw, \*shape). Only optional if hdi_data is present.

hdi_dataarray_like, optional

Precomputed HDI values to use. Assumed shape is (*x.shape, 2).

hdi_probfloat, optional

Probability for the highest density interval. Defaults to stats.hdi_prob rcParam. See this section for usage examples.

colorstr, default “C1”

Color used for the limits of the HDI and fill. Should be a valid matplotlib color.

circularbool, default False

Whether to compute the HDI taking into account x is a circular variable (in the range [-np.pi, np.pi]) or not. Defaults to False (i.e non-circular variables).

smoothbool, default True

If True the result will be smoothed by first computing a linear interpolation of the data over a regular grid and then applying the Savitzky-Golay filter to the interpolated data.

smooth_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keywords modifying the Savitzky-Golay filter. See scipy.signal.savgol_filter() for details.

figsize(float, float), optional

Figure size. If None, it will be defined automatically.

fill_kwargsdict, optional

Keywords passed to matplotlib.axes.Axes.fill_between() (use fill_kwargs={'alpha': 0} to disable fill) or to bokeh.plotting.Figure.patch().

plot_kwargsdict, optional

HDI limits keyword arguments, passed to matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot() or bokeh.plotting.Figure.patch().

hdi_kwargsdict, optional

Keyword arguments passed to hdi(). Ignored if hdi_data is present.

axaxes, optional

Matplotlib axes or bokeh figures.

backend{“matplotlib”, “bokeh”}, default “matplotlib”

Select plotting backend.

backend_kwargsdict, optional

These are kwargs specific to the backend being used, passed to matplotlib.pyplot.subplots() or bokeh.plotting.figure. For additional documentation check the plotting method of the backend.

showbool, optional

Call backend show function.

Returns:
axesmatplotlib axes or bokeh figures

See also

hdi

Calculate highest density interval (HDI) of array for given probability.

Examples

Plot HDI interval of simulated random-walk data using y argument:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> import arviz as az
>>> # time-steps random walk
>>> x_data =np.arange(0,100)
>>> # Mean random walk
>>> mu = np.zeros(100)
>>> for i in x_data: mu[i] = mu[i-1] + np.random.normal(0, 1, 1)
>>> # Simulated pp samples form the random walk time series
>>> y_data = np.random.normal(2 + mu * 0.5, 0.5, size = (2, 50, 100))
>>> az.plot_hdi(x_data, y_data)
../../_images/arviz-plot_hdi-1.png

plot_hdi can also be given precalculated values with the argument hdi_data. This example shows how to use hdi() to precalculate the values and pass these values to plot_hdi. Similarly to an example in hdi we are using the input_core_dims argument of wrap_xarray_ufunc() to manually define the dimensions over which to calculate the HDI.

>>> hdi_data = az.hdi(y_data, input_core_dims=[["draw"]])
>>> ax = az.plot_hdi(x_data, hdi_data=hdi_data[0], color="r", fill_kwargs={"alpha": .2})
>>> az.plot_hdi(x_data, hdi_data=hdi_data[1], color="k", ax=ax, fill_kwargs={"alpha": .2})
../../_images/arviz-plot_hdi-2.png

plot_hdi can also be used with Inference Data objects. Here we use the posterior predictive to plot the HDI interval.

>>> X = np.random.normal(0,1,100)
>>> Y = np.random.normal(2 + X * 0.5, 0.5, size=(2,10,100))
>>> idata = az.from_dict(posterior={"y": Y}, constant_data={"x":X})
>>> x_data = idata.constant_data.x
>>> y_data = idata.posterior.y
>>> az.plot_hdi(x_data, y_data)
../../_images/arviz-plot_hdi-3.png